Which soil property is most directly affected by soil structure?

Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles and the spaces between them, which influences the way water, air, and nutrients move through the soil. It significantly affects soil moisture retention, as well-structured soils can enhance the storage and movement of water.

When soil particles are aggregated in clumps or granules (which is often a sign of good soil structure), there are more pore spaces between those aggregates. These pores can hold water and allow for effective drainage, which is crucial for plant health. Conversely, poorly structured soils might have compact, dense layers that limit their ability to retain moisture, leading to either excessive runoff or retention of water and reduced oxygen availability for roots.

Other soil properties, such as soil color, mineral composition, and pH, may also be influenced by various factors including organic matter content, weathering processes, and human activities, but they are not as directly impacted by the physical arrangement of soil particles as moisture retention is. Thus, the effect of soil structure on moisture retention is critical for understanding soil management practices and plant growth.