Which of the following can negatively affect crop yields in a no-till system?

In a no-till system, while the practice itself offers numerous benefits such as reducing soil erosion and improving soil health, various factors can still negatively affect crop yields. One of the most significant challenges faced in no-till farming is weed competition. Weeds can thrive in the undisturbed soil environment of a no-till system, potentially competing with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight, ultimately leading to reduced yields.

Additionally, pest infestations can become exacerbated in no-till systems as pest populations may find a more stable environment for breeding and feeding due to the continuous cover of crop residue. This can lead to increased damage to crops and, as a result, decreased yields.

Soil erosion, although minimized in a no-till system compared to conventional tillage methods, can still occur due to factors like water runoff or specific weather events. If soil erosion happens, it can lead to a degradation of the soil's quality and structure, negatively impacting crop yields.

Thus, all of these factors—weed competition, pest infestations, and soil erosion—can collectively or individually pose significant challenges that affect crop yields in a no-till farming system. This highlights the importance of integrated management practices to mitigate these risks while reaping the benefits of