Which microorganism group is most beneficial for soil structure enhancement?

Fungi are highly beneficial for soil structure enhancement due to their unique hyphal network, which acts as a natural glue that binds soil particles together. This process leads to the formation of soil aggregates, improving soil aeration, water retention, and root penetration. The extensive mycelium formed by fungi helps stabilize the soil structure, making it more resilient to erosion and compaction.

Furthermore, fungi play a vital role in the decomposition of organic matter, releasing nutrients that plants can readily absorb. Their interactions with plant roots, particularly through mycorrhizal associations, not only improve nutrient uptake but also support the overall health of the soil ecosystem.

In contrast, while other microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and archaea contribute to soil health, their primary functions differ. Bacteria primarily decompose organic materials and cycle nutrients, protozoa mainly feed on bacteria and contribute to nutrient release, and archaea are involved in processes like methane production and nitrogen cycling. However, none of these groups offers the same degree of structural enhancement as fungi do.