Which agricultural practice helps to retain moisture in soil?

Mulching is an effective agricultural practice for retaining moisture in the soil. By covering the soil surface with organic or inorganic materials, mulching creates a barrier that reduces the evaporation of water from the soil. This is particularly beneficial during hot and dry conditions, as it helps to maintain adequate moisture levels for plant growth. Additionally, mulching can improve soil structure, suppress weed growth, and contribute organic matter to the soil as it decomposes, further enhancing its moisture-retention capabilities.

In contrast, other practices listed can actually lead to moisture loss or degradation of soil quality. For instance, burning crop residues removes protective cover from the soil and can lead to increased evaporation. Over-irrigation can saturate the soil and lead to runoff, wasting water rather than effectively retaining it. Intensive tillage disrupts the soil structure, which can reduce its ability to hold moisture by increasing erosion and promoting evaporation.