What effect does tillage have on soil structure?

Tillage significantly influences soil structure, and one of the main effects is soil compaction. When soil is tilled, especially using conventional methods that involve heavy machinery or equipment, soil particles can be compacted. This compaction occurs because the mechanical action of tillage disrupts soil aggregates, leading to a denser arrangement of soil particles that reduces pore space.

Compacted soil has several consequences, including decreased water infiltration, hindered root growth, and limited availability of oxygen for plant roots. This ultimately impacts plant health and crop yields. Therefore, understanding the relationship between tillage and soil compaction is vital for effective soil management and maintaining optimum conditions for crop production.

The other choices relate to benefits that can be derived from different soil management practices or less intensive forms of tillage. For example, reducing erosion is often associated with no-till practices, while increasing organic matter is a benefit of cover cropping or reduced tillage. Soil aeration is generally improved through practices that maintain soil structure and reduce compaction, such as conservation tillage.