What are the keys to reducing fertilizer nitrogen entering ground and surface waters?

The key to reducing fertilizer nitrogen entering ground and surface waters lies in minimizing the pathways through which nitrogen can be lost to the environment and maximizing crop uptake of nitrogen. When fertilizer is applied to crops, it can be subject to a variety of loss mechanisms, such as leaching through the soil into groundwater or runoff into surface water bodies. By employing practices that limit these loss pathways, such as optimizing the timing and method of fertilizer application or incorporating cover crops and conservation tillage, farmers can significantly decrease the potential for nitrogen to enter water systems.

Simultaneously, maximizing crop uptake involves ensuring that crops are healthy and growing, allowing them to absorb as much nitrogen as possible for their growth. This can be achieved through efficient nutrient management strategies, soil health practices, and choosing appropriate crop varieties. The combination of reducing losses while enhancing crop utilization effectively addresses the issue of nitrogen management, benefiting both crop production and water quality.